John D. Lloyd, PhD, CPE
Board Certified Ergonomist
32824 Michigan Avenue
San Antonio, Florida 33576
Tel: 813-624-8986
Email: DrJohnLloyd@Tampabay.RR.com
Clinical Biomechanics of Wheelchair Transfers in Spinal Cord Injury
Abstract: Persons with SCI perform activities of daily living, including mobility and everyday transfer tasks, without the use of their lower extremities. As such, biomechanical loading of the upper extremity dramatically increases incidence of musculoskeletal disorders adding to their disability and dramatically affecting their quality of life.
Utilizing VICON motion tracking technology we recently completed a 3D dynamic biomechanical assessment in which ten male veterans with paraplegia performed wheelchair to bed (horizontal), wheelchair to commode (downhill) and wheelchair to vehicle (uphill) transfers in a laboratory. Forces were recorded at the hands using force-sensing gloves. EMG data was captured for bilateral anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and tricep muscle groups.
Findings from this study graphically illustrate the complex biomechanical stressors at the shoulders, elbows and wrists during execution of these everyday transfer tasks, which allows us to identify the high risk elements of these tasks.
Understanding of the biomechanical demands acting on joints of the upper extremities lends to the development of nursing interventions to minimize the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. By reducing secondary disabilities persons with SCI can maintain their independence and quality of life.
Please contact Dr. Lloyd for additional information